Spanish Grammar

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Introduction
Verbs — Basics
- Verbs — Defined
- Verbs — Tense and Mood Defined
- Verbs — Conjugation Defined
- Verbs — Compound (Perfect) Tenses
- Verbs — Simple and Continuous Forms
Verbs — Simple Tenses
- Simple Tenses Defined
- The Present
  - Present — Conjugations of AR, ER, and IR Verbs
  - Present — Uses of the Present
- The Imperfect
- The Past
  - Past — Conjugations of AR, ER, and IR Verbs
  - Past — Uses of the Past
- The Future
  - Future — Uses of the Future
  - Future — Conjugations of AR, ER, and IR Verbs
- The Conditional
  - Conditional — Conjugations of AR, ER, and IR Verbs
Verbs — Compound Tenses
- Compound Tenses Defined
- Present Perfect
- Future Perfect
- Conditional Perfect
Verbs — Imperative
- Imperative Defined
- Imperative — Conjugations of AR, ER, and IR Verbs
- Imperative — Common Irregular Verbs
- Imperative — Negative Commands
- Imperative — Position of Object Pronouns
- Imperative — Expressing Greater Politeness
Verbs — Subjunctive
- Subjunctive — Defined
- Subjunctive — Conjugations of AR, ER, and IR Verbs
- Subjunctive — Six Irregular Verbs to Memorize
- Subjunctive — Other Conjugations
- Subjunctive — in Noun Clauses
- Subjunctive — in Adjective Clauses
- Subjunctive — in Adverbial Clauses
- Subjunctive — Conditional Sentences (Si Clauses)
- Subjunctive — Sequence of Tenses
Radical-Changing Verbs
- Radical-Changing AR and ER Verbs — Defined
- Stem-Changing Verbs — E to IE (AR and ER Verbs)
- Stem-Changing Verbs — O to UE (AR and ER Verbs)
- Stem-Changing Verbs — U to UE (AR Verbs)
- Radical-Changing IR Verbs — Defined
- Stem-Changing Verbs — E to IE (IR Verbs)
- Stem-Changing Verbs — O to UE (IR Verbs)
- Stem-Changing Verbs — E to I (IR Verbs)
Verbs — Passive Voice
- Passive Voice — Defined
- Passive Voice — Forming the Passive Voice
- Passive Voice — Reflexive Substitute for the Passive
Verbs — Spelling Changes
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Introduction
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -car
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -gar
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -zar
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -guar
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -iar
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -uar
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -cer (1)
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -cer (2)
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -ger
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -er
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -uir
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -guir
- Spelling-Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -quir
Reflexive Verbs
- Reflexive Verbs — Defined
- Reflexive Verbs — Position of Reflexive Pronouns
- Reflexive Verbs — Uses of the Reflexive
- Reflexive Verbs — Spanish and English Compared
- Reflexive Verbs — Common Reflexive Verbs
Ser and Estar
- The English Verb — To Be
- Uses of Estar
- True Passive with Ser
- Uses of Ser
- Ser and Estar with Adjectives
Verbs — Infinitives
Articles
- Articles — Defined
- Articles — Definite Articles
- Articles — The Uses of Definite Articles
- Articles — Indefinite Articles
- Articles — Omission of Articles
- Articles — The Neuter Article — lo
Nouns
- Nouns — Nouns and Gender Defined
- Nouns — Masculine Spanish Nouns
- Nouns — Feminine Spanish Nouns
- Nouns — More Notes on Gender
- Nouns — Forming of the Regular Plural
- Nouns — Forming of the Irregular Plural
Telling Time
- Time — Basics
- Time — Special Time Words
- Time — Cuarto, Media, Menos, and Y
- Time — Using Por, De and Dar to Express Time
- Time — Imperfect, Conditional and Future
- Time — Idiomatic Present and Idiomatic Past
- Time — Idioms Used with Time
Days of The Week
- Days of The Week — Basics
- Days of The Week — Articles and Gender
Months of the Year
- Months of the Year — Basics
- Months of the Year — Notes and Examples
Seasons of the Year
Prepositions
- Prepositions — Por
- Prepositions — Por and Idioms
- Prepositions — Para
- Prepositions — Para and Idioms
Pronouns
- Pronouns — Personal
- Pronouns — Possessive
- Pronouns — Relative
  - Relative Pronouns — Defined
  - Relative Pronouns — Uses
- Pronouns — Interrogatives
  - Interrogative Pronouns — Defined
  - Interrogative Pronouns — Uses
- Pronouns — Demonstratives
Adjectives
- Adjectives — Defined
- Adjectives — Forming the Plural
- Adjectives — Forming the Feminine
- Adjectives — Agreement
- Adjectives — Position of Adjectives
- Adjectives — Shortened form of Adjectives
- Adjectives — Adjectives Used As Nouns
- Pronouns — Possessive Adjectives
Contractions
Numbers and Math
- Numbers — Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers Defined
- Numbers — Cardinal Numbers
- Numbers — Table of Cardinal Numbers
- Numbers — Ordinal Numbers
- Numbers — Table of Ordinal Numbers
- Numbers — Mathematical Signs
- Numbers — Fractions
- Numbers — Table of Fractions
The Spanish Sentence
- The Spanish Sentence — Defined
- The Spanish Sentence — Word Order
- The Spanish Sentence — Negative Sentences
- The Spanish Sentence — Double Negatives
- The Spanish Sentence — The Personal a
Conjunctions
- Conjunctions — Basics
- Conjunctions — Changing Y to E and O to U
- Conjunctions — The omission of Que in English
- Conjunctions — Pero, Sino and Mas
- Conjunctions — Table of Simple Conjunctions
Suffixes
- Suffixes — Defined
- Suffixes — Augmentatives
- Suffixes — Diminutives
Negation
- Negation — Basics
- Negation — Negative Words
- Negation — More Negative Forms
- Negation — Double Negatives in English and Spanish
Comparisons
- Comparison of Adjectives
- Comparison of Adverbs
- Comparisons in Spanish
- Absolute Superlative
- Comparison of Equality
- How to Use — Sino
- How to Express — Only
Syllabification
- Syllabification — Basics
- Syllabification — Rules for Dividing Words
- Syllabification — Diphthongs and Triphthongs
Accentuation
- Accentuation — The Rules of Stress
- Accentuation — Distinguishing Accents

Where you are: Spanish Grammar > Introduction

Spanish Grammar: Spanish Verbs

Spelling -Changing Verbs — Verbs Ending in -ger

RULE

Verbs ending in -ger or -gir replace the g by j before an a or o in the ending.

Present

coger (to catch a train, bus, etc.)

Subjunctive

Imperative

Present

dirigir (to direct)

Subjunctive

Imperative

Other Common Verbs That Have the Same Change


escoger	to choose
elegir	to elect
recoger	to gather

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